Introduction
Hello guys. Today we are going to build a donation dApp. Building a donation dApp is an excellent example of a Blockchain use case. Building a donation dApp (decentralized application) on the blockchain can provide several benefits over traditional donation platforms. These include increased transparency, as all transactions on the blockchain are recorded on a public ledger that anyone can audit.
Additionally, using a blockchain-based platform can increase the security of donations, as it is more difficult to hack or tamper with transactions on a decentralized network. Additionally, it can increase trust and transparency in the donation process. It will be less prone to fraud or scams as the transactions are recorded on a public ledger and can be audited by anyone.
Prerequisites
- Knowledge of Solidity.
- Knowledge of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
Requirements
- Hardhat: We will use hardhat to write the smart contract.
- Code editor: Code editor of your choice.
Let’s go 
Here is a list of what we are going to cover in this tutorial:
- Creating the smart contract using hardhat.
- Deploying smart contract on CELO testnet using hardhat.
- Creating frontend using vanilla HTML, CSS and JavaScript.
To begin with, we need to have a clear picture of what our dApp is going to do. We want to donate to our favorite content creators. Here is how it is going to work:
Creators can get onboarded using our UI by uploading the IPFS hash of any digital file.
- Anyone will be able to reward the creator except the creator himself.
- When the user rewards the creator in CELO, the amount will go directly to the creator.
Now we have a clear picture, let’s get started…
Code
Smart Contract
Below is the smart contract that will facilitate all the features.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.9;
contract CreatorReward {
struct Creator {
string name;
string description;
string ipfsHash;
address payable wallet;
}
event CreatorLog(string name, string description, string ipfsHash, address indexed wallet);
event RewardLog(address indexed donor, address indexed creator, uint256 indexed amount);
Creator[] private creators;
function createAccount(string memory _name, string memory _description, string memory _ipfsHash) public {
creators.push(Creator(_name, _description, _ipfsHash, payable(msg.sender)));
emit CreatorLog(_name, _description, _ipfsHash, msg.sender);
}
function creatorsNumber() public view returns (uint) {
return creators.length;
}
function creatorById(uint _id) public view returns (string memory, string memory, address) {
return(creators[_id].name, creators[_id].ipfsHash, creators[_id].wallet);
}
function rewardCreatorById(uint _id) public payable {
require(msg.value > 0, "CELO amount must be greater then 0");
require(msg.sender != creators[_id].wallet, "Creator cannot send CELO to itself")
(bool sent, bytes memory data) = creators[_id].wallet.call{value: msg.value}("");
require(sent, "Failed to send Ether");
emit RewardLog(msg.sender, creators[_id].wallet, msg.value);
}
}
Now let’s see what this smart contract does:
// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
Above line identifies the license, here in our case it is MIT.
pragma solidity ^0.8.9;
Here we are defining solidity version. In our case, we are using solidity version greater than 0.8.9.
contract CreatorReward {}
This is the beginning of the contract. The name of our contract is CreatorReward.
struct Creator {
string name;
string description;
string ipfsHash;
address payable wallet;
}
Here we have defined the Creator structure. We will store the information of a creator. As you can see, name, description and ipfsHash are of type string. wallet is of type payable address because we are storing the wallet address of the creator and users can pay to her address.
event CreatorLog(string name, string description, string ipfsHash, address indexed wallet);
event RewardLog(address indexed donor, address indexed creator, uint256 indexed amount);
Here, we have defined two events. First is CreatorLog and second is RewardLog.
Event in solidity serves special purpose. When a function of a smart contract is executed, we can emit the event. Data of events is stored inside the transaction’s log. Events help notify the frontend of dApp to let the user know something has happened.
CreatorLog takes name, description, ipfsHash and wallet address as arguments. We emit this event when a new creator is onboarded.
RewardLog takes donor address, creator address and amount of CELO rewarded to the creator. This event is emitted when a user rewards a creator.
Creator[] private creators;
Here, we are creating creators array of type Creator to store all the creators who are getting onboarded. It is private means one cannot read creators array.
function createAccount(string memory _name, string memory _description, string memory _ipfsHash) public {
creators.push(Creator(_name, _description, _ipfsHash, payable(msg.sender)));
emit CreatorLog(_name, _description, _ipfsHash, msg.sender);
}
In the function above, createAccount, any user can call this function and can become a creator. This function takes _name _description and _ipfsHash as arguments.
we are pushing Creator data inside creators array to store a creator’s information.
Finally, we emit an event CreatorLog so that this data could be included in the transaction receipt. We can even listen to this data and notify the user once she is onboarded.
function creatorsNumber() public view returns (uint) {
return creators.length;
}
We have created creatorsNumber function that returns the total number of creators onboarded so far.
function creatorById(uint _id) public view returns (string memory, string memory, address) {
return(creators[_id].name, creators[_id].ipfsHash, creators[_id].wallet);
}
The above function returns the creator’s data by id. It returns the name, ipfsHash and wallet address of a creator.
function rewardCreatorById(uint _id) public payable {
require(msg.value > 0, "CELO amount must be greater then 0");
require(msg.sender != creators[_id].wallet, "Creator cannot send CELO to itself")
(bool sent, bytes memory data) = creators[_id].wallet.call{value: msg.value}("");
require(sent, "Failed to send Ether");
emit RewardLog(msg.sender, creators[_id].wallet, msg.value);
}
In the above function, we are rewarding a creator in CELO. The first two conditions are, CELO sent should be greater than equal to 0 and that a creator can’t fund herself. In the end, we are emitting RewardLog event so that information could be included in the transaction receipt.
You can clone this repository → GitHub - avirajkhare00/celo-creator-reward-dapp
It contains code both for smart contracts and frontend.
To deploy smart contract via hardhat on alfajores testnet, execute the following command:
npx hardhat run scripts/deploy.js --network alfajores
Since we have covered our smart contract. It’s time we start with our frontend.
We are going to create frontend now. It’s going to be vanilla HTML, CSS and JavaScript without any heavy dependencies.
Here is the frontend code:
<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>dApp</title>
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"
integrity="sha384-GLhlTQ8iRABdZLl6O3oVMWSktQOp6b7In1Zl3/Jr59b6EGGoI1aFkw7cmDA6j6gD" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
<body>
<center>
<h1>Reward your favourite content creator on CELO!</h1>
</center>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-2"></div>
<div class="col-md-8">
<center>
<h2>Become a creator</h2>
</center>
<form>
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="name" class="form-label">Name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name">
</div>
<div class="mb-3 form-floating">
<textarea class="form-control" placeholder="Your description..." id="description"
style="height: 100px"></textarea>
<label for="description">Description</label>
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="ipfsHash" class="form-label">IPFS Hash</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="ipfsHash">
</div>
<button type="button" id="creatorOnboardSubmitBtn" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</form>
<center>
<h2>Reward creators</h2>
<div id="creatorsDOM"></div>
</center>
</div>
<div class="col-md-2"></div>
</div>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.min.js"
integrity="sha384-w76AqPfDkMBDXo30jS1Sgez6pr3x5MlQ1ZAGC+nuZB+EYdgRZgiwxhTBTkF7CXvN"
crossorigin="anonymous"></script>
<script src="js/web3.min.js"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">
if (typeof window.ethereum !== 'undefined') {
console.log('MetaMask is installed!');
} else {
alert('Please install Metamask first.');
}
async function getAccount() {
const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' });
return accounts[0];
}
function getTotalCreators() {
const creators = contract.methods.creatorsNumber().call();
return creators;
}
async function onboardCreator(name, description, ipfsHash) {
const account = await getAccount();
await contract.methods.createAccount(name, description, ipfsHash).send({ from: account });
}
async function rewardCreatorById(creatorId){
let account = await getAccount();
let amount = document.getElementById(`input${creatorId}`).value;
await contract.methods.rewardCreatorById(creatorId).send({from: account, value: web3.utils.toWei(amount, 'ether')});
}
async function fillCreatorDOM() {
const creators = await getTotalCreators();
for (i = 0; i <= creators; i++) {
let creator = await contract.methods.creatorById(i).call();
let creatorName = creator[0];
let ipfsHash = creator[1];
let description = creator[2];
let newDiv = document.createElement("div");
newDiv.setAttribute("id", i);
newDiv.setAttribute("class", "card-body");
document.getElementById('creatorsDOM').appendChild(newDiv);
newDiv.innerHTML = `<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
Name: ${creatorName}
<br />
Description: ${description}
<br />
IFPS Hash: <a href="https://ipfs.filebase.io/ipfs/${ipfsHash}">Link</a>
<br />
Creator reward amount: <input type="text" id="input${i}">
<br />
<button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="rewardCreatorById(${i})">Reward</button>
</div>
</div>`
}
}
const ABI = [{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"name","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"description","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"ipfsHash","type":"string"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"wallet","type":"address"}],"name":"CreatorLog","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"donor","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"creator","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"RewardLog","type":"event"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"_name","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"_description","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"_ipfsHash","type":"string"}],"name":"createAccount","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_id","type":"uint256"}],"name":"creatorById","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"description","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"creatorsNumber","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_id","type":"uint256"}],"name":"rewardCreatorById","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"payable","type":"function"}]
const contractAddress = "0x3785f284E8E456E8608025F630643C0c75b2d150";
const web3 = new Web3(Web3.givenProvider);
const account = getAccount();
const contract = new web3.eth.Contract(ABI, contractAddress);
fillCreatorDOM();
document.getElementById('creatorOnboardSubmitBtn').onclick = function () {
let name = document.getElementById('name').value;
let description = document.getElementById('description').value;
let ipfsHash = document.getElementById('ipfsHash').value;
onboardCreator(name, description, ipfsHash);
}
</script>
</body>
</html>
Now I will break down HTML so that you can understand how we can create frontend for our dApp.
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<title>dApp</title>
<link href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/bootstrap@5.3.0-alpha1/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"
integrity="sha384-GLhlTQ8iRABdZLl6O3oVMWSktQOp6b7In1Zl3/Jr59b6EGGoI1aFkw7cmDA6j6gD" crossorigin="anonymous">
</head>
This is our head of HTML document. Here, we defined the title and we are importing the bootstrap library.
<div class="row">
<div class="col-md-2"></div>
<div class="col-md-8">
<center>
<h2>Become a creator</h2>
</center>
<form>
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="name" class="form-label">Name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name">
</div>
<div class="mb-3 form-floating">
<textarea class="form-control" placeholder="Your description..." id="description"
style="height: 100px"></textarea>
<label for="description">Description</label>
</div>
<div class="mb-3">
<label for="ipfsHash" class="form-label">IPFS Hash</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="ipfsHash">
</div>
<button type="button" id="creatorOnboardSubmitBtn" class="btn btn-primary">Submit</button>
</form>
<center>
<h2>Reward creators</h2>
<div id="creatorsDOM"></div>
</center>
</div>
<div class="col-md-2"></div>
</div>
Here, we have our basic HTML, and we have created a form. It will be used to onboard a new creator. Also, we created creatorsDOM so that we can fetch the data from the blockchain and display it on the frontend.
Now I will explain the JS part of the code so that we can interact with the smart contracts.
if (typeof window.ethereum !== 'undefined') {
console.log('MetaMask is installed!');
} else {
alert('Please install Metamask first.');
}
Here we are checking if MetaMask is installed on the user’s machine.
async function getAccount() {
const accounts = await ethereum.request({ method: 'eth_requestAccounts' });
return accounts[0];
}
getAccount() is used to get the current account of the user selected in the Metamask.
function getTotalCreators() {
const creators = contract.methods.creatorsNumber().call();
return creators;
}
This function is getting all the creators so that we can get the data of all the creators.
async function onboardCreator(name, description, ipfsHash) {
const account = await getAccount();
await contract.methods.createAccount(name, description, ipfsHash).send({ from: account });
}
This function is used to onboard a creator. It accepts the name, description and ipfsHash of the creator.
async function fillCreatorDOM() {
const creators = await getTotalCreators();
for (i = 0; i <= creators; i++) {
let creator = await contract.methods.creatorById(i).call();
let creatorName = creator[0];
let ipfsHash = creator[1];
let description = creator[2];
let newDiv = document.createElement("div");
newDiv.setAttribute("id", i);
newDiv.setAttribute("class", "card-body");
document.getElementById('creatorsDOM').appendChild(newDiv);
newDiv.innerHTML = `<div class="card">
<div class="card-body">
Name: ${creatorName}
<br />
Description: ${description}
<br />
IFPS Hash: <a href="https://ipfs.filebase.io/ipfs/${ipfsHash}">Link</a>
<br />
Creator reward amount: <input type="text" id="input${i}">
<br />
<button class="btn btn-primary" onclick="rewardCreatorById(${i})">Reward</button>
</div>
</div>`
}
}
Since we are writing vanilla JavaScript, we are doing the DOM manipulation using JS. This function gets the total number of creators. Then it will get information about every creator and will append it to the DOM.
async function rewardCreatorById(creatorId){
let account = await getAccount();
let amount = document.getElementById(`input${creatorId}`).value;
await contract.methods.rewardCreatorById(creatorId).send({from: account, value: web3.utils.toWei(amount, 'ether')});
}
This function is used to reward the content creator. It takes the creatorId and rewards the creator. This function is called when the user clicks on the reward button.
const ABI = [{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"name","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"description","type":"string"},{"indexed":false,"internalType":"string","name":"ipfsHash","type":"string"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"wallet","type":"address"}],"name":"CreatorLog","type":"event"},{"anonymous":false,"inputs":[{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"donor","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"address","name":"creator","type":"address"},{"indexed":true,"internalType":"uint256","name":"amount","type":"uint256"}],"name":"RewardLog","type":"event"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"_name","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"_description","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"_ipfsHash","type":"string"}],"name":"createAccount","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"nonpayable","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_id","type":"uint256"}],"name":"creatorById","outputs":[{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"","type":"string"},{"internalType":"string","name":"description","type":"string"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[],"name":"creatorsNumber","outputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"","type":"uint256"}],"stateMutability":"view","type":"function"},{"inputs":[{"internalType":"uint256","name":"_id","type":"uint256"}],"name":"rewardCreatorById","outputs":[],"stateMutability":"payable","type":"function"}]
const contractAddress = "0x3785f284E8E456E8608025F630643C0c75b2d150";
const web3 = new Web3(Web3.givenProvider);
const account = getAccount();
const contract = new web3.eth.Contract(ABI, contractAddress);
You can get ABI of a smart contract by running npx hardhat compile command. It is stored inside artifacts/contracts directory.
You can copy the contractAddress when you deployed the smart contract.
const web3 = new Web3(Web3.givenProvider);
Here we have initialized web3 as Web3 object and gave Metamask as given provider.
const contract = new web3.eth.Contract(ABI, contractAddress);
Here, we are initializing the contract object. It is an instance of web3.eth.Contract() which takes an ABI and contractAddress.
Here is what the dApp looks like.
Once you reward a creator, you can look in the internal transaction that amount went to the creator.
Thanks a lot for following this tutorial so far.
About the author
Aviraj Khare
Ex Gojek, into web3 space since 2016.